How to determine which Linux distribution and kernel version you are running

When connecting to a Linux server, we need to know the name of the running Linux distribution, its version number, and the kernel version number.

This is often done to determine:

Commands for installing and updating software/packages (Package Management Tools): These commands vary from one distribution to another. For example, Debian and Ubuntu rely on the apt-get command, while CentOS and RedHat rely on the yum command.
Commands to be used
Versions of software/packages that we may install

These points vary from distribution to distribution and even from release to release.

You can use one of the following two methods to find out the name and version number of the running distribution:

The first method to find out your current Linux distribution

The first method involves using the command:

cat /etc/*-release

Response example for Ubuntu 12.04:

root@remote:~# cat /etc/*-release
DISTRIB_ID=Ubuntu
DISTRIB_RELEASE=12.04
DISTRIB_CODENAME=precise
DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Ubuntu 12.04 LTS"

Response example for Debian 7:

root@remote:~# cat /etc/*-release
PRETTY_NAME="Debian GNU/Linux 7 (wheezy)"
NAME="Debian GNU/Linux"
VERSION_ID="7"
VERSION="7 (wheezy)"
ID=debian
ANSI_COLOR="1;31"
HOME_URL="http://www.debian.org/"
SUPPORT_URL="http://www.debian.org/support/"
BUG_REPORT_URL="http://bugs.debian.org/"

Response example for CentOS 6.4:

[root@remote~]# cat /etc/*-release
CentOS release 6.4 (Final)
12.5.30 cos6.build1205150826.19
CentOS release 6.4 (Final)
CentOS release 6.4 (Final)

The second way to find your current Linux distribution

The second and less commonly used method is:

$ lsb_release -a

Response example for Ubuntu 12.04:

root@remote:~# lsb_release -a
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Description: Ubuntu 12.04 LTS
Release: 12.04
Codename: precise

Finding the Linux kernel version

To find the Linux kernel version, you can use the command:

$ uname -mrs

Some responses to the command:

Linux 2.6.32-042stab120.18

x86_64Linux 3.16.0-4-amd64 x86_64

Linux 3.13.0-55-generic x86_64

The information can be extracted as follows:
Kernel name: Linux
Kernel version number: 3.13.0-55-generic
Device type: x86_64